Richest chief in zambia

Richest chief in zambia. [1] [failed verification] This is an incomplete list of these tribes arranged in alphabetical order: The only people with a king instead of a chief, their Kuomboka essentially marks the ceremonial journey of the Litunga (the king) from his dry-season palace at the town of Lealui to his wet-season Mar 15, 2023 · It involves the buying and selling of currencies, with traders looking to make profits from fluctuations in exchange rates. He is one of the richest people in Africa. Zambia, [a] officially the Republic of Zambia, [b] In 1480 the Maravi Empire was founded by the kalonga (paramount chief of the Maravi) from the Phiri clan, Zambia's Richest Chief. That’s all on Top 10 Richest Footballers In Zambia. May 7, 2022 · According to the report, Zambia has a total private wealth of USD 14 billion, and a wealth per capita of USD 720. Sep 30, 2021 · He is the editor-in-chief of Billionaires. Feb 15, 2022 · By Kristy - Updated On: February 15, 2022Mirriam Mukape popularly known by the stage name, Mampi is kwaito, R&B, and reggae artist in Zambia. 6. Who celebrate Umutomboko ceremony? The Umutomboko is a two-day ceremony which celebrates the advent of the Lunda and Luba people to Zambia from Hakainde is Zambia's second-largest cattle rancher who served as the chief executive officer of both Coopers and Lybrand Zambia and Grant Thornton Zambia. Noble Findlay. 2 HRH Chieftainess Mungule Lenje People. Who is the richest chief in Zambia? These chiefs are rich amidst the benefits from the land they occupy. Jun 20, 2018 · The Bemba tribe migrated into Zambia from the Luba Kingdom (present day Democratic Republic of Congo) during the Bantu Migration, which took place between the 15th and 17th centuries. He is the richest man in Zambia. Zambia has many indigenous tribes spread across its ten provinces. 3 Billion Feb 15, 2022 · By Local Correspondent - Updated On: February 15, 2022Mirriam Makupe, popularly known as Mampi is Zambia’s richest female musician. In this graph specifically, it is indicated that as the years of experience increases, so does their wages. Oct 12, 2023 · Chef 187 is Zambia’s most famous hip-hop artist. Hanson Sindowe Hanson Sindowe: Richest People in Zambia. 3 HRH Chief Liteta Lenje People. Advertisement She was born on 4th August 1986. He is also a successful businessman and a farmer. The list of the richest farmers in Zambia may vary over time, and it’s best to refer to up-to-date sources such as agricultural publications or news articles highlighting successful farmers. 4 million an equivalent of $67,902. After working for Konkola Copper Mine (KCM) in Chililabombwe, Aze 1 left KCM and become a mine supplier to the mining firm. from the University of Birmingham, he became chief executive of Zambia’s branches of two major accounting firms, Grant Thornton and Coopers Sep 9, 2023 · Top 10 richest man in Zambia according to their net worth 1. Africa. Traditionally, the Tonga’s land extended past Lake Kariba (the world’s largest man-made lake) to Zimbabwe. Top 10 Richest CM in India 2024 Meet The Richest Man in Ghana. In 2016, Noble Findlay was known as the ‘Richest Man in Zambia’. Know your chief. He is the leader of the United Party for National Development (UPND) and has made his fortune through various business ventures. [ 1 ] May 31, 2022 · Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. Aug 14, 2023 · HERE IS THE LIST OF ALL THE CHIEFS IN ZAMBIA. Who is the richest person in Zambia? The richest person in Zambia is Hakainde Hichilema, who is a businessman and politician. Hakainde Hichilema is also the president and leader of the largest opposition party, the United Party for National Development since 2006. The Government of Zambia recognizes 4 Paramount chiefs, 43 Senior chiefs and 241 Chiefs. Browse today’s rankings of the wealthiest people and families globally. Autoworld opened its first branch in 1992 and now has 11 branches across Zambia. Lusaka office Plot no. The current king is Continue Reading → Jan 1, 2023 · The average salary for a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in Zambia is ZMK 238,494 in 2024. Among the chiefs, Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. Muleya’s body was discovered on the outskirts of Lusaka, bearing gunshot wounds, just a day after he was reported missing. Findlay is the founding members of Autoworld. 4 billion. He has also helped established various businesses across the country. He is Zambia’s second-largest cattle rancher. These Top 10 Richest People in Zambia represent a diverse range of industries and have made significant contributions to Zambia’s economic growth. Hakainde is Zambia's second-largest cattle rancher who served as the chief executive officer of both Coopers and Lybrand Zambia and Grant Thornton Zambia. Much Love Zambia ️ Feb 13, 2018 · 25 Indian CMs are crorepatis, Chandrababu Naidu tops list: Meet the other 10 richest chief ministers As per data analysed by the Association for Democratic Reforms, Andhra Pradesh CM is the Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. A. Jan 3, 2024 · Jagan Mohan Reddy, the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, is the wealthiest CM in India with a whopping net worth of more than Rs. 50, Lunsenfwa Road, Kalundu, Lusaka. Spax, Zambia’s richest youngest millionaire is based on the Copperbelt Province in the once Zambia’s cleanest town Chingola. A former Forbes Magazine contributor covering African wealth and entrepreneurship, Mfonobong conceptualized, initiated, and managed for a decade the Forbes annual ranking of Africa’s richest people. After reaching the 10-19 year experience in their career, another increase in salary will be added to a total of K 111,300. While these may be the richest men in Ghana, there are women and families with more fortune than some the individuals on the list. Top 10 richest musicians in Zambia Mampi -K250,000. He is the richest man in Zambia, with a Aug 13, 2024 · Hakainde Hichilema is the richest man in Zambia. S. Cecil Rhodes – English-born businessman, mining magnate, and politician in South Africa and an ardent believer in colonialism and imperialism, founder of the state of Rhodesia Zambia's Richest Chief Chief Mukuni Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. The 20 billionaires on the 2024 Forbes list of Africa’s Richest are worth a combined $82. ” He is considered the King of the dancehall in Zambia. Gold mining occurs on a small scale and the major gold producers in the country are Matala, Dunrobin, Jessie, and Sasara. Although Findlay couldn’t retain his former financial status, he is still among the top 5 richest people in Zambia. Davido's father is the chief executive officer of Pacific Holdings Limited and co-founder of Adeleke University in Osun State. The Provincial Administration is headed by a Provincial Minister, who is appointed by the President, and is responsible for overseeing the implementation of government policies and coordinating the activities of various government departments within the province. The line graph shows Chief Executive Officer (CEO) salary in Zambia on an annual basis. Chief Mukuni. Who is the richest chief in Zambia? Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. That dream became a reality, and 20 years on, Captain Basil Sichali finds himself the new Chief Pilot at the country’s top airline, Proflight Zambia. Discover the net worth, age, and other information about the richest people in the world. 1 HRH Chief Chitanda Lenje People. Best Crops for Beginning Farmers THE LION KING Among the chiefs, Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. Lungu married Esther Lungu in 1986 and has six children, including Tasila Lungu, a councilwoman in Chawama. Who is the richest chief in Zambia? Following the national discussion on the appointment of the chief justice, the need for transparency in the appointment process, and the need to have an independent judicial system, the Zambia Law Development Commission was prompted to publish this Article entitled “The independence of the judiciary and its important role of dispensing Jun 17, 2023 · Top 10 Richest Farmers in Zambia. Chewa people are a bantu ethnic group found in Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique and collectively form the Chewa Kingdom, a traditional monarchy headed by a King called Gawa Undi. Nov 20, 2023 · Exploring the rich history of the Luangwa Valley in Zambia and the role of chieftaincy in the political and social fabric of the country. Mar 27, 2024 · Traditional Kings and Chiefs of Zambia. 4. [18] Nov 26, 2021 · Source: Unctadstat. Advertisement. Who is the youngest richest in Zambia? Meet Zambia’s Richest Youngest Millionaire. Larry Ellison is chairman, chief technology officer and cofounder of software giant Oracle, of which he owns just under 40 Aug 23, 2021 · 10) Mic Burner. He served as the chief executive officer of both Coopers and Lybrand Zambia (1994–1998) and Grant Thornton Zambia. Zambia had one of the world’s fastest growing economies for the ten years up to 2014, with real GDP growth averaging roughly 6. Zambia produces about 700 tons of amethyst annually, and Kariba Minerals Limited is the chief CHIEF APOSTLE IN ZAMBIA 2022! We are now only counting about a month to go to the coming of our dear Chief Apostle to Zambia who is expected to arrive MEET THE LION KING The richest Chief in Zambia with a net worth Estimated at $5Milion USD Mwene Chitengi Chiyengele – Mbunda chief who led his tribesmen from north-eastern Angola to Bulozi, western Zambia around 1795. Driving past a sign that said ‘Chief Kakumbi’s Own Palace’ every day for over a week, in April 2023, inside the game management area of one of the premier wildlife conservation […] Mar 3, 2024 · As of latest update in January 2024, the richest farmer in Zambia Mark O’Donnell was estimated to have a net wealth of around $50 million, roughly equivalent to 1. He is best known for his song, “Magnetic Force. Despite his high-flying career, he has not forgotten Zambian exports in 2006. The Tonga tribe is predominantly found in Southern Zambia. She lost […] Jan 5, 2021 · TOP 10 RICHEST MEN IN ZAMBIA. May 30, 2024 · Chief 187 is among the top 10 richest musicians in Zambia. May 8, 2023 · As the richest person in Zambia, HH is popular worldwide and stories about his wealth are also famous. Zambia's Richest Chief. Zambia's Richest Chief Chief Mukuni Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. Hakainde Hichilema is the richest man in Zambia. 2. Chief Munokalya Mupotola IV Siloka III Mukuni, is the 19th Chief of the Hakainde is Zambia's second-largest cattle rancher who served as the chief executive officer of both Coopers and Lybrand Zambia and Grant Thornton Zambia. Mampi is the richest female musician in Zambia. 1. Ernesto Tarricone – $1. In this article, we take a look at who the richest forex trader in Zambia is. Chief Munokalya Mupotola IV Dec 15, 2023 · Who Is The Richest Top 10 In Zambia. Feb 15, 2022 · By Kristy - Updated On: February 15, 2022Hakainde Hichilema stands out as the richest politician and man in Zambia. These are some of the facts that stood out during ThePrint’s analysis of the last election affidavits of the country’s 30 chief ministers. Through the first decade of the 21st century, the economy of Zambia was one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa, and its capital, Lusaka, the fastest-growing city in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). He was born on November 23, 1953, and specializes in traditional Mexican cuisine, while adding his own modern twist. Of course, Zambia has key trading partners in SADC other than South Africa with Namibia accounting for 37% and DRC 36% respectively as shown in Table 3 below. With entrepreneurial flair, unwavering determination, and an unconventional approach to success, Spax has demonstrated that achievements […] Apr 1, 2023 · The state of Zambia’s economy is a crucial factor in understanding who the richest man in Zambia is. Copperbelt office May 30, 2024 · Read Top 10 Richest Men in Zambia. Apr 22, 2023 · One of the performers at the most viewed sporting event ever, the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Davido, whose actual name is David Adedeji Adeleke, is the sixth richest musician in Africa. Who is the highest paid Apr 2, 2019 · The country has a significant amount of gold and platinum, although they are mostly produced as a by-product of copper mining. His net worth is $389 million in 2024. His Ability to Rap in More than 4 Languages makes him indisputable. Their royal titles differ with the four most senior ones being called Kings or Paramount chiefs. The fortunes of Africa’s wealthiest people have rebounded slightly in the past 12 months, reversing the decline in their fortunes from a year ago, though they are still off their all-time highs. Aze 1 started small from a very young age. [7] Lusaka is in the southern part of the central plateau at an elevation of about 1,279 metres (4,196 ft). Mampi is a Zambian Pop and R&B singer . Also Read: Top 10 richest musicians in Zimbabwe . Though rich in natural resources, the province is one of the backward Feb 16, 2024 · The continent’s 20 billionaires are worth a combined $82. Aug 16, 2021 · Hichilema, one of Zambia's richest people, has worked hard to shed his image as an elitist who lacks the common touch. com Phone: +260 977 754 890, +260 974 444 051. A. Hakainde Hichilema has an estimated net worth of $70 billion. 5 million ($70,000) as of 2020. He is the founder and owner of Zambian Company Lybrand. Mampi mampi Who is the richest Chief in Ghana? Otumfuo Osei Tutu II is the richest king in Ghana with a net worth of $10 million according to Forbes. 00. image source-facebook. He is a large commercial farmer - the second biggest cattle rancher in Zambia and one of the biggest suppliers of meat to the local market, as well as one of Apart from this respect, each of these players has carved out a remarkable path for himself in their sports profession with cool medals and wealth. May 21, 2020 · In the Lunda tribe, one can only become a chief if one is a son, a nephew or, to lesser extent, a daughter to a chief who previously occupied the throne. Over the years, some farmers in Zambia have excelled in the agricultural sector, accumulating wealth and becoming Dec 12, 2021 · Commercial goat farming in Zambia can also make great contribution in the total economy of this country. Against All Odds, a biography of Lungu by the Zambian journalist and senior diplomat Anthony Mukwita, was published by Partridge Africa on 5 Dec 26, 2022 · New Delhi: Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y. Although his financial status has decreased since then, he still ranks among the top 5 richest people in the country. He is the younger brother of Macky 2. Hakainde Hichilema is popularly known as HH, is the richest man in Zambia. Email: info@zambianbusinesstimes. Related: TOP 10 RICHEST MAN IN ZAMBIA; TOP 10 RICHEST MUSICIANS IN ZAMBIA AND THEIR NET WORTH; Top 20 Richest Countries In Africa Based On GDP Jul 31, 2020 · Chief Munokalya Mupotola IV Siloka III Mukuni, is the 19th Chief of the Leya. 7% in the past decade. . A US Office of Security Cooperation was established in Zambia at the end of April, alarming both the Zimbabwean government and South Africa’s Julius Malema, president of the Economic Freedom Fighters party. He is a great champion of tourism in Livingstone. More so, the list combines people of Ghanaian descent, as well as others who immigrated to the West African country or made their fortune there. Agriculture has been the backbone of Zambia's economy for decades, with the majority of the population relying on it for their livelihoods. He is the president of Zambia. He is the chief chairman of Copperbelt vitality companies. CENTRAL PROVINCE. 05 billion. Organized Family -K220,000 Dec 29, 2023 · Noble Findlay was the richest man in Zambia in 2016 but has remained as one of the 5 richest people in Zambia. Mr Hichilema, 59, has described himself as an ordinary "cattle boy", who herded his family's livestock in his youth before going on to become one of Zambia's richest men. Traditional entities are recognized by Government with representatives seating in the House of Chiefs under the Feb 15, 2022 · Among the chiefs, Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. "I'm just a cattle boy it's a childhood love," he told AFP in an interview in May, describing himself as "an ordinary citizen, an ordinary African". Hakainde Hichilema hakainde-hichilema. The BigTree ideology of “Drink Different” reflects our commitment to innovative products and beverage solutions that meet the needs of not only Zambian consumers, but the needs of Southern Africa from urban centres to the most […] Zambia is divided into ten provinces. Mark is also serves as Non-Executive Director at Zambia Wildlife Authority and is a Member of The Institute of Directors of Zambia. He is also involved in other businesses such as mining, farming, and real estate. Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. In May 2018, Ratcliffe was the richest person in the UK, with a net worth of £21. Otumfuo Osei Tutu II is the king of the gold-rich Ashanti kingdom, home to the country’s largest ethnic group, the Asantes. The country boast of a population of over 15. May 2, 2021 · Zambia's Richest Chief Chief Mukuni Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. Jun 28, 2023 · These clans played a crucial role in preventing the northward advancement of the Ngoni people, who were descendants of the Nguni and Sotho-Tswana groups, under the leadership of Chief Chileshe Chitapankwa Muluba. He currently the Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director at Union Gold Group Ltd. Jun 1, 2021 · Here are the top 5 richest men in Zambia. List of chiefs in Ghana that constitutes the National House of Chiefs and their title Oct 19, 2023 · Zambia is one of the richest countries in Africa with one of the fastest-growing economy (thanks to copper mines and agricultural diversification). He is the richest man in Zambia, with a Apr 23, 2021 · Zambia's Richest Chief Chief Mukuni Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. The history of the Bemba people shares more similarities with the tribes of East Africa than with other tribes in Zambia. Better known by his stage name Mic Burner is a Hip-Hop/Dance hall recording artist. Michael Mandona is one of the top 10 richest Zambian musicians in 2024. How did Hakainde Hichilema amass his wealth? As per the report of agricultural statistics of 2014 published by the Central Statistical Office of Zambia, the major economic activity in the province was fishing. 7. It is one of the fastest-developing cities in southern Africa. Aug 12, 2011 · This is according to the declaration of assets he has filed in his Presidential nominations before Chief Justice Ernest Sakala. However, New World Wealth has predicted a healthy wealth growth of over 50% in Zambia in the next decade. Chief Munokalya Mupotola IV Siloka III Mukuni, is the 19th Chief of the Leya. Jul 7, 2022 · Who is the richest chief in Zambia? Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. Rick Bayless is an American celebrity chef and restaurateur who’s commonly known for his PBS series, Mexico: One Plate at a Time. 500 crores. B. Sep 1, 2023 · Profile and Biography of Kabaso Mulenga (Spax Mulenga) – The Richest Youth in Zambia Introduction: At just a young age Kabaso Mulenga, more commonly known as Spax, has taken Zambia by storm, emerging as its youngest and wealthiest individual. Sep 28, 2022 · Educated in Zambia and in Britain, with an M. Jun 17, 2024 · Mark O’ Donnell is one of the top 10 richest in Zambia in 2024. 5 billion. 5 million and is experiencing rapid urbanization thanks to increased job opportunities and higher income privileges. Zambia is a developing country, and it achieved middle-income status in 2011. King Kayo Kayombo is the sixth richest musician in Zambia, with a net worth of $450,000. According to the World Bank, Zambia’s economy has been growing steadily over the years, with an average growth rate of 3. 5 billion Zambian Kwacha (ZMW) However, please note that this figure may have changed since then due to various factors such as market fluctuations, business developments, or Slapdee holds many trophies more than any rapper in Zambia. Chibombo District Tribe. Sep 13, 2021 · He can be an opposition chief in Zambia whereas there isn’t a want to say his web price as a result of he’s a millionaire in Zambia. Zambia, like many other countries, has its fair share of forex traders, some of whom have become quite successful in the industry. Jagan Mohan Reddy is the richest CM in India while his West Bengal counterpart, Mamata Banerjee, has the least net assets. Is Zambia corrupt? Aug 28, 2023 · zambia politics elections upnd. His net worth is estimated at $650,000. Jan 9, 2024 · Noble Findlay was the richest man in Zambia in 2016 but has remained as one of the 5 richest people in Zambia 2024. Mirriam Mukape is currently the richest woman in Zambia with an estimated net worth of K1. Lusaka (/ l uː ˈ s ɑː k ə /; loo-SAH-kə) is the capital and largest city of Zambia. Sep 25, 2022 · hey love's. Apr 2, 2024 · Here are the 200 richest people in the world on the 2024 Forbes list. Mampi’s net worth is K1. The chief artery of the province is the Samfya-Mansa-Mwansabombwe-Nchelenge highway, known as the Zambia Way. Richest Zambia August 12, 2011 At 10:50 pm. This article provides a list of the top 10 richest CM in India 2024 and is compiled on the basis of the report of the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR). King Kayo Kayombo king kayo kayombo. He is the founder and owner of Autoworld, the largest car company in Zambia. Hanson is one other well-known Zambian enterprise tycoon. Visit PayScale to research chief executive officer (ceo) salaries by city, experience, skill, employer and Chieftainess Nkomeshya Mukamambo II “Chakwela Makumbi” lit- erally means “pulling the clouds,” and the current Senior Chief of the Soli people, Chieftainess Nkomeshya Mukamambo II (Fig. Jul 26, 2024 · Zambia has been left stunned by the brutal killing of Guntila Muleya, the newly appointed head of the country’s Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). That’s up $900 million from last year’s $81. She is an award-winning pop and RnB singer whose music is inspired by kwaito and reggae. Noble Findlay – $310 million . Hakainde Hichilema; Without the addition of this great personage, who immensely thrives in the business sector, this list might not be considered official and news-worthy. Kulamba ceremony is a traditional annual event of the Chewa people which is held every August at Mkaika royal Palace in Zambia. Chief Munokalya Mupotola IV Siloka III Mukuni, is the 19th Chief of the Zambia's Richest Chief. As is with many tribes in Zambia, the name of the tribe is also the name of the language. 7% per annum, though growth slowed during the period 2015 to 2017 Jan 6, 2024 · Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa that is renowned for its vast agricultural potential. Nov 10, 2022 · It is believed that the Tonga’s were some of the earliest Bantu settlers in Zambia. Advertisement Mampi was born on August 4, 1986, in Lusaka […] Aug 28, 2023 · He is the fifth richest musician in Zambia. Wait, But who is the richest musician in Zambia? The richest musician in Zambia is Macky2, no doubt! Aze 1, is one of Zambia’s wealthiest people are under 35 years old. [1] The provinces are further subdivided into districts. You might know that Noble Findlay owned the title of the ‘Richest Man in Zambia’ in 2016. His names are Spax Mulenga. His real name is Kondwani Alias Kaira. Family. Noble Findlay is one of the richest men in Zambia. Apr 13, 2023 · Mamata Banerjee is the poorest CM of India, Jagan Mohan Reddy is the richest chief minister according to a report. Hakainde is also a very known successful businessman. She has risen through tough beginnings in her life to attain a mark in her music career. The country has 800 HNWIs, 30 multi-millionaires, and 2 centi-millionaires, but no billionaires. As a young boy growing up in the Copperbelt, Basil Sichali watched the aircraft taking off and landing near his family home at Ndola Airport and dreamed of one day becoming a pilot himself. Advertisement Hakainde Hichilema was born on 4 […] Aug 31, 2022 · Zambia’s signing of the resolution alerted the US that in the heart of Africa was an unlooked-for but potentially valuable ally. E Hakainde Hichilema – $389 Million Apr 23, 2021 · Zambia's Richest Chief Chief Mukuni Chief Mukuni is the richest chief in Zambia with a net worth estimated at $5 million. But Peter Fisher, who is fondly known as Chindeli cha ka Lunda (white Lunda chief) was bestowed as Chief Nyamwana in 2016 as an honour for the family’s unwavering support to the local people. CHIEFDOMS/CHIEFS IN ZAMBIA. please share, like, comment and subscribe. Legend has it that the chief of the Luba tribe, Mukulumpe, married a woman named Mumbi Lyulu Mukasa who was of the crocodile clan (known as the Ng’andu clan). 1), is presented to the Zambian nation as the one who directs the cos- mological forces and calls for rain each year. H. Who is the richest football player in Zambia? Aug 24, 2021 · Supporters of Zambian presidential candidate for the opposition party United Party for National Development (UPND) Hakainde Hichilema celebrate his election as Zambian President in Lusaka, on In the corporate world, President Hichilema rose quickly through the ranks, becoming the chief executive officer of both Coopers Lybrand Zambia in 1994 and Grant Thornton Zambia in 1998. in this video I'll be sharing with you the Top 10 female richest musician in Zambia currently. He and his family are practicing Baptists. While their wealth is a testament to their hard work and entrepreneurial spirit, it’s important to note that wealth distribution remains a pressing issue in the country, with a substantial BigTree About Us From humble beginnings in 2016, BigTree Beverages has become the largest soft beverage company in Zambia. Apr 10, 2023 · Net Worth: $30 Million. Ratcliffe is the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of the INEOS chemicals group, which he founded in 1998. 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